Electromagnetic Interference in the Modern Era: Concerns, Trends, and Nanomaterial-Based Solutions

Abstract

Overview

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) represents a growing challenge in the modern era, as electronic systems and wireless technologies become increasingly integrated into daily life. This review provides a comprehensive overview of EMI, beginning with its historical evolution over centuries, from early power transmission systems and industrial machinery to today's complex environment shaped by IoT, 5G, smart devices, and autonomous technologies.

Findings

• Examines diverse sources of EMI and their wide-ranging effects
• Highlights disruptions in electrical and medical devices
• Describes ecological impacts on wildlife
• Discusses potential risks to human health from EMI exposure
• Explores the economic impact and rapid expansion of the global shielding materials market

The study further addresses preventative strategies, particularly focusing on advanced materials. Carbon-based nanomaterials—including graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon foams—are identified as promising solutions due to their exceptional conductivity, mechanical strength, tunable structure, and environmental sustainability.

Conclusion

The paper unites perspectives on EMI's origins, consequences, market dynamics, and mitigation strategies, underscoring the urgent need for scalable, high-performance, and eco-friendly shielding approaches. Special attention is given to recent advances in carbon-based nanomaterials, which are poised to play a transformative role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and sustainability of future electronic technologies.