Safety evaluation of smart scales, smart watches, and smart rings with bioimpedance technology shows evidence of potential interference in cardiac implantable electronic devices

Authors: Ha GB, Steinberg BA, Freedman R, Bayés-Genís A, Sanchez B

Year: 2023 Apr

Category: Biomedical Engineering

Journal: Heart Rhythm

DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.11.026

URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36997272/

Abstract

Overview

Smart scales, smart watches, and smart rings with bioimpedance technology were evaluated to determine their effects on cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs).

Objectives

The study aimed to assess interference levels at CIEDs through simulations and benchtop testing, using the ISO 14117 electromagnetic interference standard.

Methods

  • Interference at pacing electrodes was studied using simulations on computable models of male and female subjects.
  • Benchtop evaluations were conducted on representative CIEDs from three different manufacturers.

Findings

Results showed that:

  • Interference can exceed allowable threshold values established by ISO 14117.
  • Interference levels varied by frequency and amplitude of the bioimpedance signals, and between genders.
  • The interference from smart scales and rings was less than from smart watches.
  • Differences in susceptibility to oversensing and pacing inhibition were noted among device manufactures at varying signal amplitudes and frequencies.

Conclusion

The study underscores critical concerns regarding the safety of using smart scales, watches, and rings with bioimpedance technology in patients with CIEDs. Based on potential risks of interference, the use of these devices is not recommended in this patient population.

bioimpedance technology electromagnetic interference cardiac implantable electronic devices smart watches smart rings smart scales safety evaluation
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