Abstract

Overview

Smart scales, smart watches, and smart rings using bioimpedance technology are investigated for potential interference with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Assessing the impact of these popular consumer electronics on critical health devices is crucial.

Objectives

• To determine the interference levels at CIEDs caused by smart devices using simulations and benchtop testings.
• Comparing the observed interference with maximum allowable levels as per the ISO 14117 standard.

Methods

Interference at pacing electrodes was studied through simulations on both male and female computable models and benchtop evaluations of CIEDs from three different manufacturers, aligning with the ISO 14117 standards.

Findings

• Simulations highlighted significant interference, surpassing threshold levels set in the ISO 14117.
• The severity of interference varied with frequency and amplitude of bioimpedance signals and differed between genders.
• Smart watches showed greater interference compared to smart scales and rings.
• Device susceptibility varied, causing potential oversensing and pacing inhibition across different signal amplitudes and frequencies.

Conclusion

The results advise against the use of smart scales, watches, and rings in individuals with CIEDs due to potential risks from electromagnetic interference. A call for cautious integration of wearable technology in vulnerable populations.