Parkinson's disease and occupational exposures: a systematic literature review and meta-analyses

Abstract

Overview

This systematic literature review identifies and evaluates studies that meet epidemiological standards to assess risk factors pertinent to Parkinson's disease, specifically concerning occupational exposures.

Methods

• Systematic search yielding 103 original publications.
• Utilization of GRADE guidelines for scientific quality assurance.
• Exclusion of 56 methodologically deficient papers leaves 47 quality studies.

Findings

Amongst the remaining literature, 23 studies focused on pesticide exposure, estimating a weighted relative risk of Parkinson's disease as 1.67 (95% confidence interval: 1.42-1.97). Notably, risks were consistent across study designs and genders but heightened by genetic predispositions and early onset (before age 60).

Assessment of Other Exposures

Studies investigating exposures to metals or electromagnetic fields found no increased risks for Parkinson's disease.

Conclusion

Evidence strongly indicates a connection between pesticide exposure and at least a 50% increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease, affirming the need for stringent health and safety regulations in related occupational environments. Potential publication biases from smaller studies were acknowledged though they did not significantly alter risk assessment outcomes.