Abstract

Abstract Summary: EMF Exposure in 5G Networks

Overview

As part of the advancements in 5G technology, which involves an increase in network infrastructure and the use of massive antenna arrays, there is a significant alteration in electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure levels. This study uses a ray-tracing approach to analyze EMF exposure specifically in a densely populated urban setting.

Methodology

• Network Configuration: The analysis includes a massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna system with multiuser beamforming capabilities at 5G base stations.
• Downlink Analysis: Uses the maximum rate transmission (MRT) technique for beam direction towards active users and total power density (PD) for assessing EMF exposure.
• Uplink Analysis: Focuses on electric field strength and specific absorption rate (SAR).
• Data Modeling: Incorporates detailed scenario data like 3D building geometry, electromagnetic characteristics, multipath propagation, user locations, and beamforming radiation patterns.

Findings

• For downlink transmissions, peak PD levels can increase significantly with the number of active users, reaching up to 62% of ICNIRP’s limit in extreme scenarios.
• Saturation of spatial EMF distribution happens when active downlink beams exceed 25.
• For uplink within a 5m radius of a user, average electric field strength could increase sharply, showing significant potential EMF exposure.

Conclusion

The study highlights the potential risks of increased EMF exposure due to 5G networks especially under scenarios of high user density and active transmission. Attention to these findings is crucial for ongoing 5G deployments and public health safety.