Central Causation of Autism/ASDs via Excessive [Ca2+]i Impacting Six Mechanisms Controlling Synaptogenesis during the Perinatal Period: The Role of Electromagnetic Fields and Chemicals and the NO/ONOO(-) Cycle, as Well as Specific Mutations

Authors: Pall ML

Year: 2024-04-30

Category: Neuroscience

Journal: Brain Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050454

URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/5/454

Abstract

Overview

This study focuses on the role of perinatal development, specifically the disruption of synaptogenesis due to excessive intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), in the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Six key mechanisms controlling synaptogenesis, all regulated by [Ca2+]i and shown to be aberrant in ASDs, are discussed as central to autism causation.

Findings

  • The model predicts that both electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and chemicals play central roles in the autism epidemic by activating voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and increasing [Ca2+]i levels.
  • Fifteen classes of chemicals implicated in autism each contribute to [Ca2+]i elevation, with 12 acting via NMDA receptor activation.
  • The chronic nature of ASDs is explained through elevation of the NO/ONOO(-) vicious cycle and MeCP2 epigenetic dysfunction.
  • Genetic factors often involve [Ca2+]i elevation or other disruption to synaptogenesis.
  • Systematic literature review supports the proposed mechanisms.

Prevention and Treatment Approaches

  • Approaches discussed include avoidance of EMFs and chemicals, as well as utilizing nutrients (e.g., Nrf2-raising agents, vitamin D, magnesium, omega-3s) and enriched environments.
  • For prevention, it is recommended that pregnant women avoid sources of EMFs such as cell phones, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, smart meters, and high voltage powerlines, and use shielding measures when avoidance is not possible.
  • EMF exposure safety guidelines based on thermal effects are criticized as scientifically unfounded, emphasizing the need for precaution.

Conclusion

This paper highlights the strong causal connections between EMF exposure, chemicals, and autism risk via disruption of synaptogenesis in the perinatal brain, emphasizing multiple practical prevention strategies. The literature demonstrates that assurances of EMF safety based on outdated guidelines are not scientifically valid, and protective measures are encouraged.

autism spectrum disorder intracellular calcium electromagnetic fields synaptogenesis perinatal development NO/ONOO(-) cycle EMF risk
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