Prey can detect predators via electroreception in air

Abstract

Overview

Predators and prey both rely on detecting sensory cues of each other's presence. Terrestrial animals moving through their environment accumulate electrostatic charge, which generates electric fields that can exert forces at a distance.

Findings

• This study demonstrates that a prey animal can sense electrical forces to detect an approaching predator.
• Predatory wasps were found to be electrically charged, emitting electric fields in the process.
• Caterpillars exhibited defensive behaviors in response to these fields.
• The mechanosensory setae (hair-like structures) of caterpillars are deflected by these electrostatic forces and are specifically tuned to the wingbeat frequency of their insect predators.

Conclusion

This capability reveals a new dimension of sensory interaction between prey and predators and suggests that electroreception is likely widespread among terrestrial animals, expanding our understanding of how animals detect and respond to electromagnetic fields in their environment.