1,800 MHz RF Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells

Abstract

Overview

With the rising use of communication devices like mobile phones, public concern is growing about the effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the brain—a highly sensitive organ to RF-EMR, specifically at frequencies around 1,800 MHz. The influence of such radiation on neuronal structures is not well understood, making the discernment of this effect imperative for a clearer understanding of brain development.

Objectives

The primary aim of the study was to explore how 48 hours of exposure to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR impacts neurite outgrowth in neuron cells and to delve into the related Rap1 signaling pathway interactions.

Methods

• Neurons from mice and Neuro2a cells were exposed to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4 W/kg over 48 hours.
• Cell viability was assessed at multiple time points using CCK-8 assays.
• Neurite outgrowth was observed through a microscope and analyzed with ImageJ software.
• Experiments also included evaluations of gene and protein expression related to Rap1.

Findings

While overall cell viability was unaffected by RF-EMR across the considered durations, significant impairments in neurite length and neurite-bearing cell percentages were noted specifically after 48 hours of exposure. Interestingly, overexpression of an active Rap1 mutant appeared to mitigate RF-EMR-induced neurite outgrowth impairments.

Conclusion

The study reveals critical insights into how RF-EMR hinders neurite outgrowth through disruptions in Rap1 activity and associated signaling pathways. This has significant implications for developmental neuroscience, particularly concerning young children and infants, whose developmental processes might be at risk from RF-EMR exposure.