Electric vehicles and health: A scoping review

Abstract

Overview

The rapid shift towards electric vehicles presents both challenges and opportunities in public health. This scoping review aims to evaluate the existing evidence regarding the health impacts of battery electric and hybrid electric vehicles.

Methods

• A comprehensive database search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, Scopus, and Environmental Science Collection.
• The time frame covered was from January 1990 to January 2024.
• Studies were considered if they provided observed or modeled data on health-related outcomes associated with electric or hybrid vehicles.

Findings

Of the 897 articles reviewed, 52 met the inclusion criteria. A significant majority of these articles focused on the transition to electric vehicles, with less attention given to hybrid models. Key health outcomes analyzed included premature death and medical expenditures.

The findings predominantly suggest a positive health impact from adopting electric vehicles, though there was variability in the magnitude of these benefits. Notably, only one observational study was found, underscoring a need for more empirical research.

Conclusion

The literature indicates a generally beneficial health impact from transitioning to electric vehicles. However, further observational studies are essential to confirm these findings and expand our understanding. Additionally, investigating the distribution of health benefits across different populations could inform strategies to ensure equitable advantages.