Abstract

Overview

This study investigates the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of building walls, with a focus on how different construction eras—from ancient Roman ruins to modern structures—affect SE. Conducted in Rome, this research contributes significantly to understanding the impact of wall materials and construction techniques on electromagnetic interference.

Methodology

• The study utilized a portable two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) connected to antennas positioned on opposite sides of the wall.
• Frequencies between 0.7-5.0 GHz were analyzed, which are prevalent in current mobile-phone and satellite positioning technologies.

Findings

Shielding effectiveness measurements yielded results as high as 100 dB. Notably, walls from the Roman Empire era and modern steel/glass structures demonstrated superior shielding capabilities.

A supplementary numerical simulation examined the outdoor-to-indoor transition attenuation, and a statistical analysis of live signal code power from Telecom Italia's network was included to deepen the understanding of these results.

Conclusion

The study underscores the significant impact of construction materials and methods on EMF shielding, with ancient and modern techniques offering high levels of protection, suggesting potential implications for contemporary building practices in mitigating EMF exposure.