Microwaves can kill malaria parasites non-thermally

Abstract

Overview

Malaria continues to be a major global health challenge, with more than 240 million infections and approximately 600,000 deaths in 2021 alone. The resurgence of malaria post-SARS-CoV-2 and issues like parasite resistance and suboptimal vaccines highlight the urgent need for innovative treatment methods.

Findings

• Research has shed light on the impact of electromagnetic energy on malaria parasites, although previous studies have been limited and have shown varied results.
• This study used custom-designed applicators for in vitro experiments where microwave energy (MW) non-thermally destroyed over 90% of malaria parasites.
• The destruction is attributed to MW-induced programmed cell death in parasites, specifically targeting the haemozoin-containing food vacuole, without adversely affecting mammalian cells.
• Key mechanisms include calcium signaling pathways, with evidence that calcium channel blockers can protect parasites from MW effects.

Conclusion

This research provides critical molecular insights into how oscillating electromagnetic fields interact with Plasmodium falciparum, offering a promising new technology for combating malaria that is distinct from thermal effects.