Molecular Biological Effects of Weak Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields: Frequency-Amplitude Efficiency Windows and Possible Mechanisms

Abstract

Overview

This review explores the resonance-like responses of biological systems to low-frequency magnetic fields (LFMF). It traces the historical development in the field of magnetobiology, which has aimed to understand these particular patterns. A thorough discussion of notable biophysical models is offered.

Findings

• The review distinguishes between two primary groups of models that explain the responses to LFMF. The first group targets ion-cofactors of proteins, and the second focuses on the magnetic moments of particles in biomolecules.
• Special attention is given to how these resonance-like effects of LFMF vary depending on the cell type involved.
• An in-depth explanation is provided concerning the radical-pair mechanism of the magnetic field's influence on biochemical processes, exemplified through cryptochrome.
• Conditions for the applicability of this radical-pair mechanism to explain the biological effects of LFMF are discussed.
• A model is proposed that explains the frequency-amplitude efficiency windows of LFMF influence on radical pairs in biochemical oscillators.

Conclusion

This comprehensive review serves not only as an educational resource but also heightens awareness about the potential biological implications of LFMF exposure, suggesting possible health risks linked to varying conditions and models presented.