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Control (Unexposed) |
X-ray Calibration (25.6 rads) |
RF Exposure (2.45 GHz, 0.6 W/kg) |
Video Presentation.
This is the baseline: DNA is a compact, intact bundle with almost no “comet tail.” Under normal lab conditions, spontaneous strand breaks are rare and quickly repaired.
Key Points:
• Serves as the “zero damage” reference.
• Minimal DNA fragmentation under standard conditions.
• Any tail in other conditions is above this spontaneous background.
Rat brain cells exposed to 25.6 rads of ionizing X-ray radiation. Notice the pronounced comet tail: a bright “head” with most of the DNA, and a long trailing “tail” of smaller fragments migrating under an electric field.
Key Points:
• Ionizing radiation (X-rays) produces both single-strand and double-strand breaks.
• This image is used as a calibration standard—comet tail length roughly correlates with X-ray dose.
• Shows classic severe DNA fragmentation from high-energy photons.
This image—adapted from Lai & Singh (1994–1998)—shows rat brain cells exposed for 2 hours to pulsed, modulated 2.45 GHz microwaves at SAR 0.6 W/kg. The visible comet tail proves significant DNA fragmentation—despite no measurable heating.
Key Findings (Lai & Singh):
• Non-thermal RF (well below FCC’s SAR limit) still produced statistically significant DNA breaks.
• Pulsed/modulated waveform (like GSM cell phones) is more bioactive than continuous-wave exposures.
• Nerve cells have limited repair capacity—repeated exposures can lead to cumulative damage.
• Antioxidants (e.g., melatonin) reduce—but do not fully eliminate—RF-induced ROS and DNA breaks.
Click above to play Dr. Henry Lai’s YouTube video on “Can Cell Phones Damage DNA and Cause Cancer?”
https://www.rfsafe.com/fact-dna-damage-safe-cell-phone-radiation-levels/