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What is RF Radiation? [EMF Spectrum]
[Ionizing] [Non-ionizing] Much of what is known about the structure of the electrons in an atom has been obtained by studying the interaction between matter and different forms of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation has some of the properties of both a particle and a wave. Particles have a definite mass and they occupy space. Waves have no mass and yet they carry energy as they travel through space. In addition to their ability to carry energy, waves have four other characteristic properties: speed, frequency, wavelength, and amplitude. The frequency (v) is the number of waves (or cycles) per unit of time. The frequency of a wave is reported in units of cycles per second (s-1) or hertz (Hz).
Light and Other Forms
of Light is a wave with both electric and magnetic components. It is therefore a form of electromagnetic radiation. Visible light contains the narrow band of frequencies and wavelengths in the portion of the electro-magnetic spectrum that our eyes can detect. It includes radiation with wavelengths between about 400 nm (violet) and 700 nm (red). Because it is a wave, light is bent when it enters a glass prism. When white light is focused on a prism, the light rays of different wavelengths are bent by differing amounts and the light is transformed into a spectrum of colors. Starting from the side of the spectrum where the light is bent by the smallest angle, the colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. As we can see from the following diagram, the energy carried by light increases as we go from red to blue across the visible spectrum. Click picture to enlarge Because the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation can be as long as 40 m or as short as 10-5 nm, the visible spectrum is only a small portion of the total range of electromagnetic radiation.
The electromagnetic spectrum includes radio and TV waves, cell phones ,microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, g-rays, and cosmic rays, as shown in the figure above. These different forms of radiation all travel at the speed of light (c). They differ, however, in their frequencies and wavelengths. The product of the frequency times the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is always equal to the speed of light. vl = c As a result, electromagnetic radiation that has a long wavelength has a low frequency, and radiation with a high frequency has a short wavelength.
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The
idealized drawing of a wave in the figure below illustrates the definitions of
amplitude and wavelength. The wavelength (l) is the smallest
distance between repeating points on the wave. The amplitude of the
wave is the distance between the highest (or lowest) point on the wave and the
center of gravity of the wave.
If
we measure the frequency (v) of a wave in cycles per second and the
wavelength (l) in meters, the product of these two numbers has the
units of meters per second. The product of the frequency (v) times the
wavelength (l) of a wave is therefore the speed (s) at which the
wave travels through space. vl = s
