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Reported
Biological Effects From
Non-Ionizing Radiofrequency Radiation
Our 1
Million Dollar Reward
RF Health
Concern Classifications-
The effects resulting
from RF exposure are usually described in one of three
ways:
[Thermal
effects] [Athermal
effects] [Non-thermal
effects]
The
following studies indicate biological effects at
exposure levels far below what would be explained by
"thermal effects", and well within the range people
are commonly exposed to every day.
NOTE: Most of these below exposures levels lie FAR
BELOW the current advisory exposure standards in the
US, which are based on thermal effects only.
Studies by Increasing Power Density
Studies by Increasing Specific Absorption Rate
Standards and Background Levels
Listing of Full Citations
Note:
For an effect to be considered truly "nonthermal",
that is, a "microwave
effect", they must be experimentally
distinguishable from heating effects due to absorbed
RF energy as measured with
SAR Testing.
One more
strong point to validate that SAR testing is not
adequate for judging a cell phone users safety.
With
SAR testing, Dummy heads are filled with solutions
to simulate brain conductivity and probed to measure
depth and intensity. Amazingly
enough regulatory agencies have not deemed it
necessary to measure exposure to eyes.
As shown in pop up window, Eye's are
unprotected by the skull and comprised of cells that
are extremely sensitive to electromagnetic energy.
Studies by Increasing Power Density
|
Power Density |
Reported Biological Effects |
References |
0.1 µW/cm2
(0.001 W/Kg SAR) |
EEG brain waves are altered when exposed to cell
phone signal |
Von Klitzing, 1995 |
|
0.16 µW/cm2 |
Motor function, memory and attention of school
children affected (Latvia) |
Kolodynski, 1996 |
|
0.168 - 1.053 µW/cm2 |
Irreversible infertility in mice after 5
generations of exposure to cell phone signals from
antenna park |
Magras & Xenos, 1997 |
|
0.2 - 8 µW/cm2 |
Two-fold increase in childhood leukemia from AM-FM
exposure |
Hocking, 1996 |
|
1.3 - 5.7 µW/cm2 |
Two-fold increase in leukemia in adults from AM RF
exposure |
Dolk, 1997 |
|
2.4 µW/cm2 |
Interference with medical devices at least up to
1000 MHz |
Joyner, 1996 |
|
2 - 4 µW/cm2 |
Direct effect of RFR on ion channels in
cells/opening of acetycholine channels |
D'Inzeo, 1988 |
|
4 - 10 µW/cm2 |
Visual reaction time in children is slowed//lower
memory function in tests |
Chiang, 1989 |
|
5 - 10 µW/cm2 |
Impaired nervous system activity |
Dumanski, 1974 |
|
10 µW/cm2 |
Significant differences in visual reaction time
and reduced memory function |
Chiang, 1989 |
|
10 - 25 µW/cm2 |
Changes in the hippocampus of the brain |
Belokrinitskiy, 1982 |
30 µW/cm2
(0.015 W/Kg SAR) |
Immune system effects - elevation of PFC count
(antibody producing cells) |
Veyret, 1991 |
|
50 µW/cm2 |
An 18% reduction in REM sleep (important to memory
and learning functions) |
Mann, 1996 |
|
100 µW/cm2 |
Changes in immune system function |
Elekes, 1996 |
|
100 µW/cm2 |
A 26% drop in insulin |
Navakatikian, 1994 |
|
120 µW/cm2 |
A pathological change in the blood brain barrier
(915 MHz) |
Salford, 1993 |
Studies by Increasing Specific Absorption Rate
Find Your
Cell Phones SAR Level
|
SAR |
Reported Biological Effects |
References |
|
0.000021 - .0021 W/Kg |
Changes in cell cycle and cell proliferation (960
MHz GSM cell phone signal) |
Kwee, 1997 |
|
0.0004 W/Kg |
Pulsed cell phone RF caused changes in blood-brain
barrier that protects brain from outside harmful
chemicals and toxins (915 MHz GSM cell phone) |
Salford, 1997 |
|
0.001 W/Kg |
EEG brain waves are altered when exposed to cell
phone signal at 0.1 µW/cm2 |
Von KIitzing, 1995 |
|
0.0317 W/Kg |
Decrease in eating and drinking |
Ray & Behari, 1990 |
|
.005 to .05 W/Kg |
Calcium efflux |
Dutta et al, 1989 |
|
0.14 W/Kg |
Elevation of immune response at 100 µW/cm2 |
Elekes, 1996 |
|
0.13 - 1.4 W/Kg |
Lymphoma cancer rate is 2.4 times normal with two
1/2 hour exposures per day of cell phone exposure
(pulsed digital mobile phone signal 900 MHz) |
Repacholi, 1997 |
|
0.26 W/Kg |
Harmful effects to the eyes/ certain drugs can
sensitize eyes to RFR |
Kues, 1992 |
|
0.4 W/Kg |
Statistically significant increase in malignant
tumors at 480 µW/cm2 |
Guy, 1984 |
|
0.58 - 0.75 W/Kg |
Biological effect on the development of brain
tumors at 18% of standard (836 MHz TDMA digital
cell phone signal) |
Adey, 1996 |
|
0.6 and 1.2 W/Kg |
DNA single and double strand breaks from RF
exposure (2450 MHz) |
Lai, 1995 |
|
2.4 mW/Kg to 24 mW/Kg |
Digital cell phone (836 TDMA) at very low
intensities cause DNA effects in human cells. DNA
effects are direct DNA damage and the rate at
which DNA is repaired. Is equal to about 800 µW/cm2
power density |
Phillips, 1998 |
|
2-3 W/Kg |
Cancer acceleration in skin and breast tumors at
50 - 75% of standard |
Szmigielski, 1982 |
Standards and Background Levels
|
SAR |
Standards |
|
0.2 W/Kg |
IEEE standard for whole body SAR for general
public (1/6 of an hour) |
IEEE |
|
1.6 W/Kg |
FCC (IEEE) SAR limit over 1 gram of tissue (cell
phone to ear) |
FCC, 1996 |
|
Power Density |
Standards |
|
579µW/cm2 |
800-900 MHz Cell Phone Signal Standard |
ANSI/IEEE |
|
1000µW/cm2 |
PCS STANDARD for public exposure (as of September
1, 1997) |
FCC, 1996 |
|
5000µW/cm2 |
PCS STANDARD for occupational exposure (as of
September 11997) |
FCC, 1996 |
|
|
Background Levels |
|
0.003 µW/cm2 |
Ambient background RF exposure in cities and
suburbs in the 1990's |
Mantiply, 1997 |
|
1 - 10 µW/cm2 |
Ambient RF exposure within 100-200 feet of
cell/PCS antenna array (or roughly 0.2 to 0.5 mW/Kg
SAR in the human body') |
Sage, 1998, unpublished |
Listing of Full Citations Referenced Above
|
Study |
Description |
|
Adey, WR., et. al., 1996. |
Brain tumor incidence in rats chronically exposed
to digital cellular telephone fields in an
initiation-promotion model. Bioelectromagnetics
Society 18th Annual Meeting, Proceedings, Abstract
A-7-3. |
|
Belokrinitskiy, VS., 1982. |
"Destructive and reparative processes in
hippocampus with long-term exposure to nonionizing
radiation." In U.S.S.R. Report, Effects of
Nonionizing Microwave Radiation, No. 7, JPRS
81865, pp. 15-20. |
|
Chiang, H., et. al., 1989. |
Health effects of environmental electromagnetic
fields. Journal of Bioelectricity, 8: 127-131 |
|
Chou, CK., & Guy, AW., 1992. |
Long-term low level microwave irradiation of rats.
Bioelectormagnetics 13:469-496 |
|
D’Inzeo, G., et. al., 1988. |
Microwave effects on acetycholine-induced channels
in cultured chick myotubes. Bioelectromagnetics 9;
363-372. |
|
Dolk, H., et. al., 1997. |
Cancer incidence near radio and television
transmitters in Great Britain. Am J Epidemiology
145(1) P 1-9 Jan 1997. |
|
Dumanski, J.D., and Shandala, M.G., 1974 |
"The Biological Action and Hygenic Significance of
Elecromagnetic Fields of Superhigh and Ultrahigh
frequencies in Densely Populated Areas," from
Biological Effects and Health Hazards of Microwave
Radiation. Proceedings of an International
Symposium, Warsaw 15-18 October, 1973, Polish
Medical Publishers, Warsaw, 1974. |
|
Dutta, SK., et. al., 1989. |
Radiofrequency radiation-induced calcium ion
efflux enhancement from human and other
neuroblastoma cells in culture.
Bioelectromagnetics 10: 197-202. |
|
Elekes, E., 1996. |
Effect on the immune system of mice exposed
chronically to 50 Hz amplitude-modulated 2.45 GHz
microwaves. Bioelectromagnetics 17:246-8. |
|
Hocking, B., et. al., 1996. |
Cancer incidence and mortality and proximity to TV
towers Med J Aust 165(11-12) P. 601-5 Dec 2-16,
1996. |
|
Joyner, K., et. al., 1996. |
Mobile telephones interfere with medical
electrical equipment. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med
1994 Mar. 17(1). P 23-7. |
|
Kolodynski, AA., Kolodynska VV, 1996. |
Motor and psychological functions of school
children living in the area of the Skrunda radio
location station in Latvia. Sci Total Environ
1996;180:87-93 |
|
Kues, HA., 1992. |
Increased sensitivity of the non-human primate eye
to radiation following opthalmic drug
pretreatment. Bioelectromagnetics 13:379-93. |
|
Kwee, 1997 |
The biological effects of microwave radiation.
Abstract in Proceedings of the Second World
Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology
and Medicine, Bologna, Italy, June 1997. |
|
L. Salford (1993) |
"Experimental studies of brain tumor development
during exposure to continuous and pulsed 915 MHz
radio frequency radiation," in Bioelectrochemistry
and Bioenergetics, Vol. 30: pg. 313-318. |
|
L. Von Klitzing |
"Low-Frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields
influence EEG of man." Physica Medica, Vol. 11,
No. 2, pps 77-80, April-June 1995. |
|
Lai, H., and Singh, NP., 1995. |
Acute low intensity microwave exposure increases
DNA single strand breaks in rat brain cells,
Bioelectromagnetics 1995;16:207-10. |
|
Lai, H., & Singh, NP., 1996. |
Single and double strand DNA breaks in rat brain
cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency
electromagnetic radiation. Int J Radiat Biol
1996;69:513-21. |
|
M.A. Navakatikian and L.A. Tomashevskaya |
"Phasic Behavioral and Endocrine Effects of
Microwaves of Nonthermal Intensity," by Carpenter
DO and Ayrapetyan S, editors. Biological Effects
of Electric and Magnetic Fields. Volume 1,
published by Academic Press |
|
Magras, IN., & Zenos, TD., 1997. |
RF Radiation-induced changes in the prenatal
development of mice. Bioelectromagnetics
18:455-461. |
|
Mann, K., et. al., 1996. |
Effects of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic
fields on human sleep. Neuropsychobiology
1996;33:41-7. |
|
Phillips, J., et. al., 1998. |
DNA damage in molt-4 lymphoblastoid cells exposed
to cellular telephone radiofrequency fields in
vitro. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics
45:103-110. |
|
Ray, S., & Behari, J., 1990. |
Physiological changes in rats after exposure to
low levels of microwaves. Radiat Res 123: 190-202 |
|
Repacholi, M., et. al., 1997. |
Lymphomas in Eµ-Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to
pulsed 900 MHz electromagnetic fields. Radiat Res.
1997; 147:31-40. |
|
Salford, 1997 |
Blood brain barrier permeability in rats exposed
to electromagnetic fields from a GSM wireless
communication transmitter. Abstract in Proceedings
of the Second World Congress for Electricity and
Magnetism in Biology and Medicine, Bologna, Italy,
June 1997. |
|
Salford, LG., et. al., 1993. |
Permeability of the blood brain barrier induced by
915 MHz electromagnetic radiation;continuous wave
and modulated at 8, 16, 50 and 200 Hz.
Bioelectrochem Bioenerg 1993;30:293-301. |
|
Szmigielski, S., et. al., 1982. |
Accelerated development of spontaneous and
benzpyrene-induced skin cancer in mice exposed to
2350 MHz microwave radiation. Bioelectromagnetics
3: 179-192. |
|
Szmigielski, S., et. al., 1982. |
Cancer morbidity in subjects occupationally
exposed to high frequency (radiofrequency and
microwave) electromagnetic radiation. Sci Total
Environ 1996; 180:9-17 |
|
Veyret, B., et. al., 1991. |
"Antibody responses of mice exposed to low-power
microwaves under combined, pulse and amplitude
modulation," Bioelectromagnetics 12: P 47-56. |
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